在非间质性肺疾病诊断中，经支气管和支气管内超声引导冷冻活检如何兼顾标本获取、气道管理和操作安全？这是麻醉医生在围术期和支气管镜介入配合中可能遇到的实际问题。下面这篇文献将回答这个问题。
文献英文标题
Procedural Techniques, Airway Management and Specimen Acquisition for Peripheral Lung Transbronchial and Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Cryobiopsy: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement.
英文摘要要点
Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy has expanded beyond its established role in interstitial lung disease, driven by release of single-use cryoprobes, most notably the 1.1-mm cryoprobe. As use of transbronchial cryobiopsy accelerates across non-interstitial lung disease diagnostic contexts, practice variability has outpaced evidence generation and formal guidance.
Methods: An international panel of bronchoscopy experts was assembled through the Interventional Pulmonology Outcomes Group.
Results: A total of 32 physicians participated in this project. The modified Delphi process consisted of four survey rounds conducted between May and November 2025. Consensus was obtained on 31 statements. No consensus was obtained on 17 statements.
文献标题中文翻译
周围肺经支气管及支气管内超声引导冷冻活检的操作技术、气道管理与标本获取：改良 Delphi 共识声明
一、文献简介 / Introduction
经支气管冷冻活检（transbronchial cryobiopsy，TBCB）最初主要用于间质性肺疾病的诊断。近年来，随着一次性冷冻探头，尤其是 1.1 mm 冷冻探头的应用，这项技术开始扩展到非间质性肺疾病的诊断场景。
与传统活检方式相比，冷冻活检可能获得更大的组织标本，有助于提高某些肺部病变的病理诊断质量。然而，随着该技术应用加速，不同机构之间在适应证选择、操作技术、气道管理、标本处理和安全策略方面存在较大差异。证据积累和正式指导文件尚未完全跟上临床实践的发展。
这篇改良 Delphi 共识声明的目的，是为周围肺经支气管冷冻活检和支气管内超声引导冷冻活检在非间质性肺疾病中的应用提供专家共识。对麻醉医生而言，文章的价值不只在于了解一项介入肺脏病学技术，更在于理解这类操作对气道管理、氧合维持、并发症准备和团队协作提出的新要求。